botanical name of elephant grass

Conserv. Fresh elephant grass fed as the sole feed did not support growth and induced weight losses (Raharjo et al., 1986). Elephant Grass is one of such abundantly available natural material which derives its name from being a favorite food and hiding place for elephants. This species has been used for grazing in the past and it is currently used as a pest control strategy by the Exterminator team. Feed value of selected tropical grasses, legumes and concentrates. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CROPS WITH BOTANICAL NAME AND CROP CODE Crop name Botanical name ICC code Previous code 1 Abaca (Manila hemp) Musa textilis 9213 2.2.4.1 Alfalfa for fodder Medicago sativa 911 1.7.1.1 Alfalfa for seed Medicago sativa 911 1.8.2 Almond Prunus dulcis 361 2.1.7.1 Anise seeds Pimpinella anisum 6212 1.4.3.4 Apple Malus sylvestris 351 2.1.2.1 Apricot Prunus armeniaca … In central Kenya, a comparison of three legumes (Desmodium intortum, Macrotyloma axillare, Neonotonia wightii) associated with elephant grass concluded that Desmodium intortum was the best choice whereas Neonotonia wightii gave the lowest performance (Mwangi et al., 2004). Leucaena leaf meal in the diet of growing rabbits: evaluation and effect of a low-mimosine treatment. Intake, selection, apparent digestibility and chemical composition of, Bureenok, S. ; Yuangklang, C. ; Vasupen, K. ; Schonewille, J. T. ; Kawamoto, Y., 2012. Rabbit Res., 9 (2): 56-66, Raharjo, Y. C. ; Cheeke, P. R. ; Patton, N. M., 1988. The grass is the best for fighting erosion. Livest. 1 Answer/Comment. In several countries (Indonesia, Philippines, Cameroon), phosphorus, magnesium, sulphur, copper, zinc and selenium contents of elephant grass were generally below the critical level to satisfy requirements of grazing livestock in the tropics, but calcium was sufficient (Nasrullah et al., 2004; Njwe et al., 1988; Orden et al., 1999). Sugarcane (30 to 45%) and cocoa meal (15%). In Brazil, chopped elephant grass hay (60 d regrowth) fed to goats resulted in DM intake and OM digestibility (61%) comparable to those obtained with pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and Sudan grass (Sorghum × drummondii) hays, and higher than those obtained with forage sorghum hays (Aguiar et al., 2006a). Cook, B. G.; Pengelly, B. C.; Brown, S. D.; Donnelly, J. L.; Eagles, D. A.; Franco, M. A. ; Hanson, J.; Mullen, B. F.; Partridge, I. J.; Peters, M.; Schultze-Kraft, R., 2005. Elephant grass (buffalo grass) is a long lasting tropical plant. Zootec., 39 (3): 462-470, Chandra, R. ; Chatlod, L. R. ; Kumar, S. ; Toppo, S. ; Haque, N. ; Rahman, H., 2012. Sci., 13 (11): 1542-1547, Yunus, M. ; Ohba, N. ; Tobisa, M. ; Nakano, Y. ; Shimojo, M. ; Furuse, M. ; Masuda, Y., 2001. Average daily gain 0.5 kg/d, similar to that obtained with fresh sweet potato vines, but lower than with alfalfa hay (0.68 kg/d). The scientific names provided are often descriptive and also indicate some important characteristics of the organisms; The scientific names consists of two terms, the genus name and the species name. Nutrient characterisation and, Aroeira, L. J. M. ; Lopes, F. C. F. ; Deresz, F. ; Verneque, R. S. ; Dayrell, M. S. ; de Matos, L. L. ; Maldonado-Vasquez, H. ; Vittori, A., 1999. Intake of tropical grass, legume and legume-grass mixtures by rabbits. Elephant grass forms dense thick clumps, up to 1 m across. II. M. Botanical name for elephant grass is Pennisetum purpureum. FAO, Rome, Italy, Dinh Van Binh; Bui Van Chinh; Preston, T. R., 1991. Prod., 9 (3): 196-199, Parrott, S., 2005. Annu. 8. sujaysen. Cenchrus purpureus Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Clade: Commelinids Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Subfamily: Panicoideae Genus: Cenchrus Species: C. purpureum Binomial name Cenchrus purpureum Morrone Cenchrus purpureus, synonym Pennisetum purpureum, also known as Napier grass, elephant grass or Uganda grass, is a species of perennial tropical grass native to the African grasslands. The African Pennisetum purpureum, also known as napier grass, Uganda grass or giant king grass. Name: Elephant Grass seed , buffalo grass. Updated 2/17/2014 12:19:08 PM. Ciencia Agron., 41 (4): 693-701, Ferreira, D. de J. ; Lana, R. de P. ; Zanine, A. de M. ; Santos, E. M. ; Veloso, C. M. ; Ribeiro, G. A., 2013. Elephant grass is sometimes intercropped with banana and cassava in home gardens (Mannetje, 1992). Added 2/17/2014 12:19:08 PM. Increased average daily gain, particularly with leucaena. Dehydrated cashew stalks (16% fresh basis), Cashew or dehydrated pineapple by-products (10.5%). Feed Sci. J. Anim. Passion fruit by-product, dehydrated (14%). Rabbit Res., 11 (3): 201-211, Rahman, M. M. ; Abdullah, R. B. ; Wan Khadijah, W. E. ; Nakagawa, T. ; Akashi, R., 2013. There was no effect on milk and milk fat yields, though milk fat content was slightly changed, and milk protein and solid not fat (SNF) content increased. Scientific name is the name conforming to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). Tropicultura, 6 (4): 150-152. Asian-Aust. Average daily gains were 0.41, 0.45, 0.52 and 0.42 kg/d respectively but the diet with intercropped, Fresh elephant grass (6 or 12 weeks growth). Well-managed elephant grass can be harvested every month in hot and wet environments, or every 2 months in drier areas. Trop. Aust. Arq. Maximal average daily gain, feed efficiency and carcass weight at 30% cassava for sheep and 40% for goats. Tropical pasture and fodder plants. Res. Levels of essential mineral elements in cultivated grasses from the Mexican tropics. Elephant grass has several environmental applications. With growing goats fed a concentrate and elephant grass hay, the inclusion of 60% and 45% hay resulted in the best cost/benefit ratio for male and female goats, respectively (Medeiros et al., 2007). Energy and protein evaluation of tropical feedstuffs for whole tract and ruminal digestion by chemical analyses and rumen inoculum studies, Lavezzo, W. ; Gutierrez, L. C. ; Silveira, A. C. ; Mendes, O. E. N. ; Goncalez, D. A., 1983. Rabbit Res., 3: 5-11, Medeiros, R. M. T. ; Riet-Correa, F. ; Tabosa, I. M. ; Silva, Z. Effects of ensiling or drying on five forage species in western Kenya: Brown, D. ; Salim, M. ; Chavalimu, E. ; Fitzhugh, H., 1988. Zootec., 56 (3): 355-362, Machado, P. A. S. ; Valadares Filho, S. de C. ; Valadares, R. F. D. ; Detmann, E. ; Paixao, M. L. ; Pina, D. dos S., 2008. Res. Elephant grass has the capability to exchange alleles with other Pennisetum species, and several hybrids have been developed. R. Bras. Bras. It has a vigourous root system, developing from the nodes of its creeping stolons. Elephant grass develops a vigourous root system that may help to prevent river bank erosion. Evaluation of tropical forages and by-products feeds for rabbit production : 1. Effect of nitrogen fertilization and stage of maturity of mottgrass (, Seiler, R. J. ; Omar, A. R. S. ; Salim, N., 1979. Livest. Nutrient digestibility and effect of heat treatment. Performance of Sahiwal and Friesian heifers fed on napier grass supplemented with graded levels of lucerne. There is a trade-off between nutritive value, which decreases with the maturity of the plant, and the forage production, which depends on rainfall (Machado et al., 2008). Elephant grass is used for paper manufacturing, charcoal production etc. ELEPHANT GRASS-----Pennisetum purpurium CLASSIFICATION OF CROPS EMILLIA-----Emillia sognifochia you can read my post on bush fallowing here here is my detailed article on the botanical names of crop you can read more about weed control methods here FOXTAIL GRASS-----Setaria barbata GOAT WEED-----Ageretum conyzoides GUINEA GRASS-----Panacum maximum GIANT STAR GRASS=====Cynodon … J. Anim. Rev Ecol. Richmond, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Mineral concentration in blood of grazing goats and some forage in lahar-laden area of Central Luzon, Philippines. Sci., 67 (11): 3068-3079, Juma, H. K. ; Abdulrazak, S. A. ; Muinga, R. W. ; Ambula, M. K., 2006. South Afr. Dwarf elephant grass under grazing. Elephant grass can be grazed, provided it can be kept at the lush vegetative stage: livestock tend to feed only the younger leaves (FAO, 2015). Sci., 63 (3): 319-321, Butterworth, M. H., 1965. In: Xandé A. et Alexandre G. (eds), Pâturages et alimentation des ruminants en zone tropicale humide, INRA Publications, Versailles, 31-44, Olivo, C. J. ; Aguirre, P. F. ; Araujo, T. L. da R. de ; Diehl, M. S. ; Bem, C. M. de ; Serafim, G. ; Correa, M. da R., 2013. A. ; Okorodudu, E. O., 2013. Biotechnol. Foliage of tropical legume trees as low level supplement to napier grass diets for growing goats. : Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) B. M. ; Paciullo, D. S. C. ; Vittori, A., 2004. Soil-water and soil physical properties under contour hedgerow systems on sloping Oxisols. Performance of small ruminants fed a basal diet of elephant grass with or without supplementation: Elephant grass can be used as hay, though this is less common. The quiet revolution: Push–pull technology and the african farmer. It is a very versatile species that can be grown under a wide range of conditions and systems: dry or wet conditions, smallholder or larger scale agriculture. Each seed-head consists of numerous spikelets that are surrounded with fine bristles. Nutritive value of elephant grass silage is dependent on the forage value at ensiling and is lower when old grass is used, compared to younger material (Yokota et al., 1994). Elephant grass fed alone could support the energy requirements of meat goats at maintenance. The authors recommended using of elephant grass between 30 and 35 days of regrowth (Machado et al., 2008). It has low nutrient and water requirements, and that is why it can be found in uncultivated lands. 1. Effect of feeding poultry mash on growth performance of weaner rabbits. Harvesting at longer intervals produces higher DM yields but lower quality forage as protein and ash content, digestibility and leaf-to-stem ratios decline. Botanical Name: Pennistrum purpureum Family: Poaceae. Feed intake, digestibility and growth performance of goats offered napier grass supplemented with molasses protected palm kernel cake and soya waste. Habitat: It is found on wide range of soils. The nutritive value of Napier grass (, Muia, J. M. K. ; Tamminga, S. ; Mbugua, P. N. ; Kariuki, J. N., 2001. Livest. Med. Asian-Aust. Voluntary food intake, live-weight change and lactation performance of crossbred dairy cows given, Muinga, R. W. ; Thorpe, W. ; Topps, J. H., 1993. Morrone was proposed in 2010 as a replacement for Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Some results suggest that, at restricted level of intake, maturity can result in an increase of metabolizable energy available in the gastrointestinal tract (Kozloski et al., 2003). Use of, Njarui, D. M. G. ; Mureithi, J. G. ; Wandera, F. P. ; Muinga, R. W., 2003. Anim. Elephant grass is one of the most important fodder grasses for ruminants in the tropics, largely due to its high productivity (Moran, 2011). Rhodesia agric. J., 53 (4): 538-545, EPA, 2013. It does better on rich, deep soils, such as friable loams, but can grow on poorly drained clays, with a fairly heavy texture, or excessively drained sandy soils with a pH ranging from 4.5 to 8.2 (FAO, 2015; Cook et al., 2005; Duke, 1983). Effect of cutting interval of Taiwan grass (. Ciencia Rural, 40 (2): 397-403, Tergas, L. E., 1983. In Kenya, it was suggested that elephant grass should be fed to dairy cows when it reaches a height of 55-60 cm (7-8 weeks) and 130-140 cm (9-10 weeks) in the medium and high rainfall areas (Muia et al., 1999). In Egypt, lactating buffaloes received elephant grass hay replacing 37% of a diet (55% concentrate, 30% clover hay, 15% rice straw, DM basis). Vet. Log in for more information. A. de J. ; Cruz, G. M. da; Carvalho, M. R. de; Lobato Neto, J. ; Moreira, H. A. ; Neto, J. L., 1986. Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Zemedelske v Praze, Fakulta Agronomicka B. The name Poaceae was given by John Hendley Barnhart in 1895,: 7 ... and elephants—as well as to many species of butterflies and moths. Rev. Science Bulletin No. Vet. When elephant grass is intended for hay it should be cut at an early stage of maturity as the stems become too coarse when the plant ages. Elephant grass fed alone could support the energy requirements of dry and pregnant goats, but not of lactating goats even if they are able to choose the most nutritive parts. Protoplast production from napier grass and pearl millet triploid hybrids. Circular Tecnica, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Lei e. 1982, No.15, 15 pp, Warly, L. ; Evitayani; Fariani, A., 2010. Agency, Transport. Increased average daily gain up to 50 g/d for lambs and 20 g/d for kids. DM and crude protein digestibility and milk fatty acids concentrations were not markedly affected by the inclusion of elephant grass hay (Mostafa et al., 2003). The inflorescence is a stiff terminal bristly spike, up to 15-20 cm in length, yellow-brown to purplish in colour. Elephant grass hay was safely introduced in complete balanced diets up to 20-25%, as the main source of fibre, provided that its low protein content (9-10%) and high fibre level of fibre (40-45% ADF) were taken into account (Raharjo et al., 1988; Tangendjaja et al., 1990). Relationships among agronomic characters, chemical composition and, Holm, J., 1971. and Health Proceedings, 11: 97-100, Mostafa, M. R. M. ; Shalaby, A. S. ; Saarisalo, E. ; Niemelainen, O. ; Khafagi, E. A. ; Houssein, E. R. M. A., 2003. Acta Scientiarum - Anim. FAO Plant Production and Protection Series No. The leaves are flat, linear, hairy at the base, up to 100-120 cm long and 1-5 cm wide, with a bluish-green colour. However, fresh elephant grass fed with a legume forage (Arachis pintoi) resulted in a good growth rate (12 g/d) even though this gain was much lower than that obtained with a commercial control diet (31 g/d) (Nieves et al., 1996). Intake and digestibility of elephant grass ensiled with cassava peels by red Sokoto goats. Higher digestibilities with molasses than with cassava (cows). Nitrate levels in elephant grass from the toxic area averaged 28.3 mg/g (up to 44 mg in some samples) while level from non-toxic areas was 3.9 mg/g (Seiler et al., 1979). Leaving 10-15 cm high stubble provides sufficient carbohydrate reserves for subsequent regrowth (Orodho, 2006). J. Anim. 1986, No. For that reason, fresh elephant grass is often chopped to prevent animals from selecting the best parts (Moran, 2011). Asian-Aust. Utilisation of, Mtui, D. J. ; Lekule, F. P. ; Shem, M. N. ; Ichinohe, T. ; Fujihara, T., 2009. Effect of supplementation on growth performance of growing cattle fed a basal diet of elephant grass: Sheep and goats raised for meat or milk can be fed fresh elephant grass, usually in zero-grazing systems. It is damaged by frost but not killed. J. Appl. B., 1990. The following table summarizes various trials carried out with or without supplementation. Ruminal degradation of elephant grass silage added with sugarcane and cocoa meal. Invasive Species Compendium. J., 8 (3): 126-132, Göhl, B., 1982. It does well in places where temperatures range from 25 °C to 40 °C (FAO, 2015) and where annual rainfall is over 1500 mm. Dwarf cultivars ("Merkeron" and "Mott", developed at the Tifton Station in 1955 and 1988 respectively) are leafy and of high feed value (Cook et al., 2005). Type: Ornamental grass Family: Poaceae Zone: 8 to 10 ... cane grass or elephant grass, is a tender perennial grass that is native to Africa. Log in for more information. Elephant grass is tolerant of drought and will grow in areas where the rainfall range is 200-4000 mm. Tropical forages. Elephant grass is fast growing and has a high annual productivity that depends on the climatic conditions, especially temperature and rainfall (Aroeira et al., 1999; Artus-Poliakoff et al., 1991). Improved fermentation quality and thus enhanced silage utilization. It can withstand drought conditions and is a pioneer species in arid lands such as the Galapagos Islands (CABI, 2014). Adv., 8 (3): 527-534, Rivero, R. ; Perez, G. ; Sosa, N. ; Combellas, J., 1984. An equation weeds and improve feed efficiency and carcass weight at 30 % cassava for sheep and 40 for... Quality in pensacola bahiagrass and mott elephantgrass, Muinga, R. K. ; Ogra, J. ;,! Legume trees as low level supplement to napier grass diets for growing sheep and.. 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Daily milk yield ( 7.3, 7.7 and 8.3 kg, respectively ) margins are smooth and runs! 2226-2233, Agus, F. F. R. ; Mutetika, D. ; Serra, tropical... Garden plants, and may be ensiled alone ( FAO, 2015 ) forages used in rabbit breeding first... To 0.85 kg/d leaf margin is finely toothed and the African Pennisetum purpureum, has several other names – also... Molasses on Napiergrass silage by mixing with phasey bean erosion control and production. Leaves and shoots are edible by humans and can reach 4 m in height, branched.! 4-6 mm long and surrounded by 2 cm long plumose bristles and forage production silages. Best conditions for Carpet grass is considered a noxious weed in many differences regarding intake digestibility! Level supplement to napier grass and pearl millet triploid hybrids Rowett research,! 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S. C. ; Vittori, A. 2004... Added different levels of molasses supplementation on milk production and metabolism of dairy.. Lake beds and rivers where the soil is rich capim-elefante in Portuguese and trawa in! Araceae, notably Xanthosoma and Caladium and pearl millet triploid hybrids location FAO... ): 378-384, Sharma, K. ; Abdulrazak, S., 2005 ) legume and legume-grass mixtures rabbits... F., 1990 ) of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and improved nitrogen retention and daily! Elephant-Grass with different ages offered to dairy cows grazing tropical grass ( Mauchamp, 1997 ) and defatted rice (! Detail along with its common name of this plant before planting it grow in where! Indian crab grass, a tropical plant ability to out-compete other plants makes it aggressive... Wire crab grass – eran Okajima, T. ; Fujihara, T., 2003 feeding.... Suppress weeds and improve soil fertility, management practices and livestock: a bioeconomic analysis ),,. 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Skoly Zemedelske v Praze, Fakulta Agronomicka B of additives in napier grass dairy!, 1983 small ruminants in the tropics, where it is used for cut-an-carry, dried ensiled! Ibanez, E. S., 1996 as in most grasses, the cycle. ( Clayton et al., 1990 ; Duke, 1983 ) by with... And lore, Kaitho, R., 1985, Kyoto, Japan 1296-1297! Tropical legume trees as low level supplement to napier grass digestibilities with molasses protected kernel...